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      <td width="400px"><p class="toc level1"><a href="docinfo.html">Document Information</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gexaf.html">Preface</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gfirp.html">Part&nbsp;I&nbsp;Introduction</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaaw.html">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Overview</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gfiud.html">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using the Tutorial Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnadp.html">Part&nbsp;II&nbsp;The Web Tier</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnadr.html">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaph.html">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="giepx.html">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Facelets</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjddd.html">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;Expression Language</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaqz.html">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjcut.html">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Converters, Listeners, and Validators</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnatx.html">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkmaa.html">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;JavaServer Faces Technology Advanced Concepts</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnawo.html">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkiow.html">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Ajax with JavaServer Faces Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkhxa.html">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;Advanced Composite Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnavg.html">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;Creating Custom UI Components</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnafd.html">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Servlet Technology</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnaxu.html">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnayk.html">Part&nbsp;III&nbsp;Web Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijti.html">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Web Services</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnayl.html">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;Building Web Services with JAX-WS</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="giepu.html">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjjxe.html">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;Advanced JAX-RS Features</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkojl.html">21.&nbsp;&nbsp;Running the Advanced JAX-RS Example Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnblr.html">Part&nbsp;IV&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijsz.html">22.&nbsp;&nbsp;Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijre.html">23.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started with Enterprise Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijrb.html">24.&nbsp;&nbsp;Running the Enterprise Bean Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpk.html">25.&nbsp;&nbsp;A Message-Driven Bean Example</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkcqz.html">26.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="gkfae.html">Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container</a></p>
<p class="toc level3"><a href="gkcrr.html">Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="gkcrr.html#gkcqi">Running Embedded Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="gkcrr.html#gkcov">Creating the Enterprise Bean Container</a></p>
<p class="toc level5"><a href="gkcrr.html#gkcrp">Explicitly Specifying Enterprise Bean Modules to be Initialized</a></p>
<p class="toc level4 tocsp"><a href="gkcrr.html#glhur">Looking Up Session Bean References</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="gkcrr.html#gkcre">Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container</a></p>
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<p class="toc level3 tocsp"><a href="">The <tt>standalone</tt> Example Application</a></p>
<p class="toc level4"><a href="#gkcqp">Running the <tt>standalone</tt> Example Application</a></p>
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<p class="toc level2 tocsp"><a href="gkidz.html">27.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gjbnr.html">Part&nbsp;V&nbsp;Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="giwhb.html">28.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjbls.html">29.&nbsp;&nbsp;Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjehi.html">30.&nbsp;&nbsp;Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: Advanced Topics</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkhre.html">31.&nbsp;&nbsp;Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="bnbpy.html">Part&nbsp;VI&nbsp;Persistence</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbpz.html">32.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to the Java Persistence API</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijst.html">33.&nbsp;&nbsp;Running the Persistence Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbtg.html">34.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Java Persistence Query Language</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gjitv.html">35.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using the Criteria API to Create Queries</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkjiq.html">36.&nbsp;&nbsp;Creating and Using String-Based Criteria Queries</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkjjf.html">37.&nbsp;&nbsp;Controlling Concurrent Access to Entity Data with Locking</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkjia.html">38.&nbsp;&nbsp;Improving the Performance of Java Persistence API Applications By Setting a Second-Level Cache</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gijrp.html">Part&nbsp;VII&nbsp;Security</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbwj.html">39.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncas.html">40.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started Securing Web Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bnbyk.html">41.&nbsp;&nbsp;Getting Started Securing Enterprise Applications</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gijue.html">Part&nbsp;VIII&nbsp;Java EE Supporting Technologies</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gijto.html">42.&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction to Java EE Supporting Technologies</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncih.html">43.&nbsp;&nbsp;Transactions</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncjh.html">44.&nbsp;&nbsp;Resource Connections</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncdq.html">45.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Message Service Concepts</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="bncgv.html">46.&nbsp;&nbsp;Java Message Service Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkahp.html">47.&nbsp;&nbsp;Advanced Bean Validation Concepts and Examples</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkeed.html">48.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using Java EE Interceptors</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="gkgjw.html">Part&nbsp;IX&nbsp;Case Studies</a></p>
<p class="toc level2"><a href="gkaee.html">49.&nbsp;&nbsp;Duke's Tutoring Case Study Example</a></p>
<p class="toc level1 tocsp"><a href="idx-1.html">Index</a></p>
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<a name="gkcpv"></a><h2>The <tt>standalone</tt> Example Application</h2>
<a name="indexterm-1505"></a><a name="indexterm-1506"></a><a name="indexterm-1507"></a><a name="indexterm-1508"></a><a name="indexterm-1509"></a><a name="indexterm-1510"></a><p>The <tt>standalone</tt> example application demonstrates how to create an instance of the embedded
enterprise bean container in a JUnit test class and call a session bean
business method. Testing the business methods of an enterprise bean in a unit
test allows developers to exercise the business logic of an application separately from
the other application layers, such as the presentation layer, and without having to
deploy the application to a Java EE server.</p>

<p>The <tt>standalone</tt> example has two main components: <tt>StandaloneBean</tt>, a stateless session bean,
and <tt>StandaloneBeanTest</tt>, a JUnit test class that acts as a client to
<tt>StandaloneBean</tt> using the embedded container.</p>

<p><tt>StandaloneBean</tt> is a simple session bean exposing a local, no-interface view with a
single business method, <tt>returnMessage</tt>, which returns &ldquo;Greetings!&rdquo; as a <tt>String</tt>.</p>

<pre>@Stateless
public class StandaloneBean {

    private static final String message = "Greetings!";

    public String returnMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    
}</pre><p><tt>StandaloneBeanTest</tt> calls <tt>StandaloneBean.returnMessage</tt> and tests that the returned message is correct. First,
an embedded container instance and initial context are created within the <tt>setUp</tt> method, which
is annotated with <tt>org.junit.Before</tt> to indicate that the method should be executed before
the test methods.</p>

<pre>@Before
public void setUp() {
    ec = EJBContainer.createEJBContainer();
    ctx = ec.getContext();
}</pre><p>The <tt>testReturnMessage</tt> method, annotated with <tt>org.junit.Test</tt> to indicate that the method includes
a unit test, obtains a reference to <tt>StandaloneBean</tt> through the <tt>Context</tt> instance, and
calls <tt>StandaloneBean.returnMessage</tt>. The result is compared with the expected result using a JUnit
assertion, <tt>assertEquals</tt>. If the string returned from <tt>StandaloneBean.returnMessage</tt> is equal to &ldquo;Greetings!&rdquo;
the test passes.</p>

<pre>@Test
public void testReturnMessage() throws Exception {
    logger.info("Testing standalone.ejb.StandalonBean.returnMessage()");
    StandaloneBean instance = (StandaloneBean)
            ctx.lookup("java:global/classes/StandaloneBean");
    String expResult = "Greetings!";
    String result = instance.returnMessage();
    assertEquals(expResult, result);
}</pre><p>Finally, the <tt>tearDown</tt> method, annotated with <tt>org.junit.After</tt> to indicate that the method
should be executed after all the unit tests have run, closes the embedded
container instance.</p>

<pre>@After
public void tearDown() {
    if (ec != null) {
        ec.close();
    }
}</pre>

<a name="gkcqp"></a><h3>Running the <tt>standalone</tt> Example Application</h3><p><b>Before You Begin</b></p><p>You must run the <tt>standalone</tt> example application within NetBeans IDE.</p>

<ol>
<li><b>From the File menu, choose Open Project. </b></li>
<li><b>In the Open Project dialog, navigate to:</b><pre><tt></tt><i>tut-install</i><tt>/examples/ejb/</tt></pre></li>
<li><b>Select the <tt>standalone</tt> folder and click Open Project.</b></li>
<li><b>In the Projects tab, right-click <tt>standalone</tt> and select Test.</b><p>This will execute the JUnit test class <tt>StandaloneBeanTest</tt>. The Output tab shows
the progress of the test and the output log.</p></li></ol>
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